英格麗絲的微笑
“英格麗絲的微笑”是泰祺教育打造的精品學(xué)科欄目之一，專注于考研英語(yǔ)（二）的鉆研。欄目定期分享泰祺英語(yǔ)教研組老師們對(duì)詞匯記憶、復(fù)習(xí)規(guī)劃、做題方法的心得，旨在幫助同學(xué)們梳理英語(yǔ)學(xué)科知識(shí)、掌握解題思路，從而更好地學(xué)習(xí)、提分。歡迎您持續(xù)關(guān)注英格麗絲的微笑，這里有：有料的知識(shí)、有趣的驚喜！
各位學(xué)員，大家好！考研英語(yǔ)二中閱讀占的分值最高，是英語(yǔ)備考重中之重，一直以來(lái)都有“得閱讀者得英語(yǔ)”的說(shuō)法。理解文章的過(guò)程中，也有“得主旨者得閱讀”的說(shuō)法。想理解透徹一篇文章，就要先理解這篇文章的主旨，然后根據(jù)主旨拓展成多個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，才能理解全篇文章。
另外，考研英語(yǔ)中專門設(shè)有主旨題考察對(duì)文章主旨的理解。所以，今天咱們就來(lái)講解主旨題的做題方法。
首先，看一下什么是主旨題。只要題干中包含：suitable title, main idea, conclusion, mainly discuss, mainly concerned, focus on, summarize等關(guān)鍵詞，就是主旨題。比如：A suitable title for this text could be .
主旨題的解題技巧如下：
找出文章中心詞
第1步：找出文章中心詞
閱讀5道題干，重復(fù)出現(xiàn)2次以上的單詞是中心詞，主旨題的正確答案應(yīng)該包含中心詞。
21. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that nowadays homework .
22. L.A. Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students .
23. According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may .
24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether .
25. A suitable title for this text could be .
通過(guò)分析，在題干中homework出現(xiàn)了3次，所以homework是中心詞，主旨題的答案應(yīng)該包含中心詞，所以對(duì)于25題這道主旨題，應(yīng)該排除BD，剩下AC，至于到底選A還是C，后文會(huì)有詳細(xì)解釋。
25. A suitable title for this text could be .
[A] A Faulty Approach to Homework
[B] A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
[C] Thorny Questions about Homework
[D] Wrong Interpretations of an Educational Policy
分析首尾段
第2步：通過(guò)首尾段，分析作者對(duì)中心詞的態(tài)度
① 首段：首段第1句是引入，首段第2-3句可能是主題句。轉(zhuǎn)折詞（but, however, yet, still）之后是主題句。
② 尾段：尾段第1句是總結(jié)上文，尾段第2-3句可能是主題句。
③ 判斷作者對(duì)中心詞正負(fù)態(tài)度（+ -）
[首段] Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual.
Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.
[尾段] The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.
通過(guò)分析首段，我們得知美國(guó)L.A.（洛杉磯）地區(qū)出臺(tái)了一個(gè)政策（an policy）。另外，unfortunately這個(gè)詞包含否定前綴un，所以是負(fù)態(tài)度詞（-），說(shuō)明作者對(duì)這一政策持負(fù)面態(tài)度。另外，在尾段中作者又重申了這一觀點(diǎn)。因此，a policy對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)中的a faulty approach，而C選項(xiàng)中說(shuō)有多個(gè)問(wèn)題(questions)不能對(duì)應(yīng)a policy，所以正確答案選A。
25. A suitable title for this text could be .
[A] A Faulty Approach to Homework
[B] A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
[C] Thorny Questions about Homework
[D] Wrong Interpretations of an Educational Policy
真題練習(xí)
接下來(lái)，我們?cè)儆脛偛艑W(xué)到的技巧分析一篇文章。以2011年真題閱讀第二篇為例：
27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .
28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they .
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?
30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .
通過(guò)分析題干，發(fā)現(xiàn)newspaper出現(xiàn)的4次，所以newspaper就是中心詞，接下來(lái)我們通過(guò)首尾段分析作者對(duì)newspaper的態(tài)度。
[尾段] The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.
通過(guò)分析首段，得知美國(guó)的報(bào)紙行業(yè)(newspaper)即將死亡 (death -)，所以需要拯救這個(gè)行業(yè) (save +)。接下來(lái)我們分析結(jié)尾段，得知報(bào)紙的編輯部(newsroom)受到了傷害 (harm -)，后面有個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，所以but后面應(yīng)該是傷害(harm)的反義詞，即拯救(save)。
經(jīng)過(guò)分析首尾段，我們知道報(bào)紙行業(yè)(newspaper)面臨死亡，所以需要拯救它。所以正確答案是A選項(xiàng)American Newspapers: struggling for survival(美國(guó)報(bào)紙行業(yè)：為了生存而掙扎)。
30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .
[A] American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival
[B] American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind
[C] American Newspapers: A Thriving Business
[D] American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story
經(jīng)過(guò)以上的例子，我們得知只需兩步就可做出主旨題，總結(jié)如下：
-
第1步：閱讀5道題干，重復(fù)出現(xiàn)2次以上的單詞是中心詞。
-
第2步：通過(guò)首尾段，分析作者對(duì)中心詞的態(tài)度（+ -）。
各位考生可認(rèn)真總結(jié)以上做題方法，通過(guò)進(jìn)一步練習(xí)，熟練掌握主旨題解題技巧。希望大家英語(yǔ)水平快速進(jìn)步！
