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本文作者：殷憲飛老師
泰祺教育英語教研組副組長
各位同學(xué)好！英語二閱讀中，我們把閱讀理解分為多種題型去講解，以提高我們的正確率。前面我們已經(jīng)寫了主旨題，例證題，詞匯題等，今天我們來討論下數(shù)量最多的細(xì)節(jié)題。
出題老師在設(shè)置細(xì)節(jié)題的時(shí)候，會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)一些簡單題、中檔題還有高難度的題目，搭配非常巧妙。如果我們能抓住其中一些規(guī)律，就可以幫助我們提高正確率。
為解決細(xì)節(jié)題，我們首先明確解題三步走：
1. 劃出關(guān)鍵詞（輔助定位）
2. 掃描定位（必須確定好是幾句還是一個(gè)段落）
3. 匹配選項(xiàng)（注意方向用詞的匹配）
今天我們著重講一下第二步定位的處理，幫助大家明白定位準(zhǔn)確在解題中的重要性。
39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed, .
[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished.
[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors.
[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community.
[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system.
涉及段落：
In 1968, the Congress of the
在本題中，定位很容易找到在這一段落。但是定位究竟是整段還是其中的某一兩句呢？我們的定位詞匯是the Jury Selection and Service Act，準(zhǔn)確的定位句子是In 1968之后的兩句。從1975開始的句子并不是我們的定位處，因?yàn)?/span>1975泰勒訴路易斯安那州一案里程碑式的裁定........這句并沒有定位詞或定位詞的近義詞出現(xiàn)，所以不需要考慮1975這句中的信息了，故排除最易誤選的A（sex discrimination).
本段中確實(shí)有出現(xiàn)性歧視，但性歧視所在的句子不在我們的定位范圍里。一旦確定好定位，那么答案范圍就縮小在B和C，精準(zhǔn)定位處含義為1968年，美國國會(huì)通過了陪審團(tuán)遴選與服務(wù)法案，從此開創(chuàng)了一個(gè)陪審團(tuán)民主改革的新時(shí)代。這一法案廢除了對聯(lián)邦陪審員的特殊教育要求，并要求從社會(huì)各階層民眾中隨機(jī)挑選陪審員。根據(jù)句意，答案選B。
27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it .
[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure
[B] would involve fewer agencies in action
[C] granted less federal regulatory power
[D] went against conservation policies
涉及段落：
The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches…...
這篇文章可以說是整個(gè)2016年里最難的一篇文章了，這道題的定位其實(shí)很好找，Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. 但是大家看到后面的but，都認(rèn)為之后出答案，又會(huì)繼續(xù)尋找定位到 But Ashe and others argued that…之后的內(nèi)容。這個(gè)時(shí)候大家就會(huì)覺得句子很復(fù)雜，如果依靠but來確定答案的話，就會(huì)選擇D，但其實(shí)這句主語已經(jīng)更換，不是environmentalists，而是Ashe and others ，所以but后不是我們的定位范圍，又怎么能選conservation policies。
答案范圍就可以縮小在B和C這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，此句定位：They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.
本句含義須取反，是呼吁將這個(gè)鳥類列為瀕危物種以賦予聯(lián)邦政府更大的監(jiān)管權(quán)力=對這個(gè)鳥類列為受到威脅物種感到失望，是因這一標(biāo)簽意味著來納邦政府的監(jiān)管權(quán)力較小。所以根據(jù)句意確定答案為C。
針對這道題涉及轉(zhuǎn)折詞，也和大家解釋下，轉(zhuǎn)折詞后面出答案的概率高，這是毋庸置疑的，但這不是百分之百的概率，想拿高分的小伙伴要考慮得謹(jǐn)慎些哦~
42. According to the paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is .
A. uncertain
B. unrealistic
C. foreseeable
D. definite
涉及段落：
It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it: population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world's last isolated, locations; mass tourism;global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication……
這道題，太多同學(xué)做錯(cuò)了，大家都說根據(jù)the world， maintain， linguistic diversity 這幾組詞迅速定位在這一段，通過閱讀整個(gè)段落內(nèi)容，大家會(huì)選擇B或者C。
但是大家再仔細(xì)看下，從本段第二句開始，是否出現(xiàn)大家劃出的定位詞？答：完全沒有。所以此題定位只是這一段的第一句，那么這道細(xì)節(jié)題是讓大家從定位處找出第一句中缺失的那部分，the world， maintain， linguistic diversity=linguistic and cultural diversity，in the future=in the centuries ahead，缺失的部分只有whether，那么四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中配對結(jié)果就是whether=uncertain，故答案是A。
在此，給大家舉出這幾個(gè)例子就是想告訴大家，定位準(zhǔn)確對于解題是多么重要，有了它才能排除一部分選項(xiàng)。
當(dāng)然解題還需要一些解題技巧，和詞匯語法水平，所以后期我們也會(huì)在公眾號(hào)中繼續(xù)講解解題技巧，同時(shí)也希望大家平時(shí)要多去積累詞匯和一部分語法。
