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本文作者：賈嬋老師
泰祺教育英語教研組老師
原因分析題屬于細節(jié)題的分支，在考研英語閱讀中一般會考到2-3題。雖然占比不高，但是，如果你get到了原因分析題的做題方法，你將戰(zhàn)無不勝，大大提高英語閱讀的正確率，何樂而不為呢？接下來就和我一起，揭開原因分析題的面紗，把它們一一突破吧！
什么是原因分析題？
原因分析題是針對文中某個具體現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的原因進行提問，一般來講需要借助上下文信息做出正確的理解。
xxx because they .
The major reason for xxx is .
From the text we know that xxx due to .
xxx for its .
xxx in that .
解題思路
鑒于原因分析題是對文中的具體原因進行提問，最好的辦法就是“回文定位”，然后對于原文信息做進一步的“因果”分析和推理。
Step1：根據(jù)題干找關鍵詞，定位“結(jié)果”在文中的位置。
Step2：“結(jié)果”前后找原因句，精讀原因句。
Step3：匹配選項，正確選項和原因句做同義概述。
真題為例
2017-text4
Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern （結(jié)果）because of its impact on federal tax dollars, Professor Moritz and others say.
In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires-nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago（原因).
36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they .
A. exhausted unprecedented management efforts
B. consumed a record-high percentage of budget
C. severely damaged the ecology of western states
D. caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
Step1：看到because，確定是原因分析題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞frequent wildfires, national concern, in 2015定位關鍵句在第一段結(jié)尾和第二段開頭。
Step2：找到定位句結(jié)果，在結(jié)果前后找原因，看到了because等相關提示詞，找到原因。精讀原因句，發(fā)現(xiàn)2015年spent more than half of its $5.5 billion budget, double the percentage it spent 20 years ago. 2015年花費超過$5.5 billion預算的一半，這是二十年前的兩倍。
Step3：匹配選項，發(fā)現(xiàn)B選項，consumed a record-high percentage of budget, consumed和spent是花費的意思，同義替換；a record-high percentage of budget創(chuàng)歷史新高的預算和spent more than half of its $5.5 billion budget, double the percentage it spent 20 years ago做同義替換。故選B。
2018-text3
Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world and often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year（結(jié)果）. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.（原因）
31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .
A. That they think it academically misleading.
B. They have a lot of fun to expect in college.
C. It feels strange to do differently from others.
D. It seems worthless to take off-campus course.
Step1：看到one of the reasons確定是原因分析題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞high-school graduates, not taking a gap year，定位到第一段。
Step2：找到定位句結(jié)果，在結(jié)果句前后找原因。精讀原因句：After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic. 畢竟如果所有人秋天都去上大學了，留守一年好像有點傻。在上了12年學之后，如果有一年不學習，好像感覺有點怪異。
Step3：讀完原因句，匹配選項，發(fā)現(xiàn)C選項：It feels strange to do differently from others. 如果和其他人做不一樣的事情，好像有點奇怪。與該句話做同義概述。故選C。
2013-text4
After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positions—no matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule（結(jié)果).
If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy （原因）than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.
40. Women entering top management become headlines due to lack of .
A. more social justice
B. massive media attention
C. suitable public policies
D. greater “soft pressure”
Step1：看到due to確定是原因分析題，根據(jù)題干Women entering top management, headlines等關鍵詞，定位到段落末尾，結(jié)果句。但是需要注意的是，這個結(jié)果句中，出現(xiàn)了because詞，可能會有同學誤以為這是我們要找的原因句，但是，仔細讀完之后會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這里的because解釋的是女性成為高管引起了廣泛的關注，是因為她們打破了常規(guī)。并不是題干所問的，“女性成為高管引起廣泛關注是因為缺乏了什么...”，所以，我們要繼續(xù)往后尋找原因句。
Step2：找到定位結(jié)果句，在結(jié)果句前后找原因，精讀原因句，If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy. 如果有適當?shù)墓舱呷椭@些女性，無論是女性高管們還是照顧孩子的女性，女性進入高管層就不會再引起報導價值了。
Step3：讀完原因句，匹配選項，發(fā)現(xiàn)C選項和原因句做同義概述，女性進入高管層成為頭條是因為缺乏適當?shù)墓舱呷椭?。故選C。
以上就是原因分析題的解題秘籍，相信同學們經(jīng)過訓練，一定可以攻克這類題目。同時，也提醒同學們熟記考綱詞匯，因為有的時候不是你找不到答案句，而是找到答案句之后，單詞不認識，導致做題錯誤。所以，為了避免這一問題，同學們還是要把詞匯熟記哦。
如果大家有任何疑問或想法，也可以在評論區(qū)里留言哦～
